Synonyms for martial law include dictatorship, emergency powers, junta, militarism, military rule, state of emergency, army rule, imperium in imperio, iron rule and military government. Therefore, Congress later created the Habeas Corpus Suspension Act of 1863. In many foreign countries martial law has become a method to establish and maintain dictatorships either by military leaders or politicians backed by the military. n. a system of complete control by a country's military over all activities, including civilian, in a theoretical or actual war zone, or during a period of emergency caused by a disaster such as an earthquake or flood, with the military commander having dictatorial powers. Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of the usual functions carried out by a government. However, at the outset of the Civil War, in July 1861, Congress ratified most of the martial law measures declared by President The martial law declared by Lincoln during the Civil War spawned another legal challenge, this one to the military courts: Although the habeas corpus petition had been suspended, the Supreme Court accepted Milligan's petition for a writ of habeas corpus. Definition of martial law. It does not always yield the desired results. The phrase martial law dates back to the 1530s, with the adjective martial meaning “pertaining to the military” and ultimately taken from Mars, the Roman god of war. When martial law is declared, civilian control of some or all aspects of government operations is ceded to the military. Alabama governor Gordon Persons declared martial law in Phenix City and dispatched General Walter J. ‘He criticised martial law but warned of bloodshed and civil war, counselling patience rather than defiance.’ ‘We were still deep in the repression of martial law, or post-martial law.’ ‘Instead he is talking of changing legislation to allow the imposition of martial law.’ In September of that year, Governor Brigham Young declared martial law in the state of Utah. Martial law is not to be confused with "military law" which governs the conduct of the military services and applies only to service men and women. Later that month he declared that all alien Japanese, Germans, and Italians, and all persons of Japanese descent, on the Pacific Coast were to remain inside their home between 8:00 These martial law measures were challenged by criminal defendants shortly after they were put in force. Smith added to the fuel that became the Illinois Mormon War when he ordered the destruction of the paper. Mello, Michael A., and Donna Duffy. The circumstances in which it may be declared and other limiting factors, such as the amount of time it may be left in effect, are enshrined in legislation or a country’s constitution. "Bayonets in Paradise: A Half-Century Retrospect on Martial Law in Hawai'i, 1941-1946." In 1931 Governor Ross S. Sterling, of Texas, sent Texas Another governor declared martial law in response to an assassination and rumors of political corruption. "The Imposition of Martial Law in the United States." Houston, Jeanne Wakatsuki and James D. Houston. Civilians have thus ceded control of the country in exchange for the potential restoration of order with the possibility that control may not be reclaimed in the future.
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