Gongs and bells were positioned along the front lines so that sentries could raise the alarm in the event of a gas attack. In the first British gas attack, at Loos in September 1915, much of the gas was blown back into the faces of the British troops. This meant that the cylinders had to be manhandled through communication trenches, often clogged and sodden, and stored at the front where there was always the risk that cylinders would be prematurely breached during a bombardment. Mustard gas did not need to form a concentrated cloud and hence artillery was the ideal vehicle for delivery of this battlefield pollutant.A British chlorine cylinder, known as an "oojah", weighed 190 lb (86 kg), of which 60 lb (27 kg) was chlorine gas, and required two men to carry. British gas attack against German trenches at Montauban, June 1916 #4 About 50 different poisonous gases were used during WW1. Of the Canadians who, without any effective protection, had withstood the first chlorine attacks during Second Ypres, 60% of the casualties had to be repatriated and half of these were still unfit by the end of the war, over three years later.The effectiveness of all countermeasures is apparent.
The most frequently used chemicals during World War I were tear-inducing irritants rather than fatal or disabling poisons. Gas warfare is a method of war that employs weapons that are designed to cause casualties primarily through the use of harmful chemical agents. At high enough doses …


1914: Tear gas. To protect the eyes from tear gas, soldiers were issued with gas goggles. Know Your World War I Chemical Weapons Three substances were responsible for most chemical-weapons injuries and deaths during World War I: chlorine, phosgene, and mustard gas. The gas was filled in 26mm grenades and contained a very low amount of tear gas, which made it unnoticeable to troops.

Masked soldiers charge through a cloud of gas. This made the gas a little stronger, but not by a substantial amount. At Ypres a Canadian medical officer, who was also a chemist, quickly identified the gas as chlorine and recommended that the troops urinate on a cloth and hold it over their mouth and nose. Respiratory disease and failing eyesight were common post-war afflictions. By the end of the war gases used included chlorine, mustard gas, bromine and phosgene, and the German Army was the most prolific user of gas warfare. Phosgene was never as notorious in public consciousness as mustard gas, but it killed far more people: about 85% of the 90,000 deaths caused by chemical weapons during World War I.Finally, the cylinders had to be emplaced at the very front of the trench system so that the gas was released directly over no man's land. During World War I, the French army was the first to employ tear gas, using 26 mm grenades filled with ethyl bromoacetate in August 1914. Chlorine gas, used on the infamous day of April 22, 1915, produces a greenish-yellow cloud that smells of bleach and immediately irritates the eyes, nose, lungs, and throat of those exposed to it. Chlorine was the first lethal deadly gas used on a large scale in April 1915 at Ypress, by the German military.It took more than 1,100 lives and caused panic among the enemy lines.By the end of World War I, scientists working for both sides had evaluated … Poison gas was one such development.The physical effects of gas were agonising and it remained a pervasive psychological weapon. Because of this, the active ingredient was changed from bromine to chloroacetone in the second wave of tear gas grenades that were issued to French troops. Bromine is an active ingredient in four products; two products with multiple active ingredients and two products as the sole active ingredient.

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