The most famous exponents of the social contract theory are Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau. Sovereignty, in political theory, the ultimate overseer, or authority, in the decision-making process of the state and in the maintenance of order. He believed that, Agreements without swords were but words, to make sure the covenants were witnessed by the people, he gave absolute authority to sovereign.Since his publication of the book Leviathan, he became the debatable person and it would be difficult to estimate Hobbes contributions on political thought. But no one has the right to overthrow the sovereign and install a new one or to change the form of the state from, say, monarchy to aristocracy. He says that opposition, brilliance and variances make people brute and argumentative. It analyses Hobbes's argument during the 1940s and suggests that this theory was already fully laid down in that decade and was merely repeated in his Leviathan in 1651.
Part 1 of Leviathan, which culminates in the discus- sion of the state of nature, is intended to establish the necessity of Hobbes's He understood, what Aristotle failed to grasp, that sovereignty must be absolute and total, that this follows logically from the nature of the social contract. He puts this point thus: ânature has made men so equal with faculties of body and mind, as that though there be found one man sometimes manifestly stronger in body, or of the quicker mind than the other, Yet when all is reckoned together, the difference between man and man is not so considerable, as that one can thereupon can claim to himself any benefit to which another may not pretendâ.He further says that, every single individual has a perpetual and restless desire of power, after power only death. Hobbes says that, man is basically selfish, contentious, quarrelsome, mean, wicked, non-altruistic, non-rational, impulsive and self-centered. In this high opinion his visions are quite thoroughly connected to that of Machiavelli.
He gave power to make laws and rules by that he can understand what is just (fair) and unjust (unfair) and what is good and bad.
Oxford Scholarship Online requires a subscription or purchase to access the full text of books within the service. The centre of thought was individual, he thought that, if any individual was not in proper check it would cause demolition and problems to the civil society which leads to anarchy. Hobbes focused on sovereignty in a way Aristotle did not. Hobbes’s artificial creation of the sovereign is known as a nominalist theory of the state.
Hobbes felt the necessity to check such happenings, need of a supreme power and will have all powers to take act and stop from destruction of individual.
Commenting on this Prof. Sabine said that, âIndividualism is thoroughly modern element in Hobbes and respect in which he caught most clearly the note of coming ages, Hobbes was at once the complete utilitarian and a complete individualist.
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